SharedPreferences作为Android中数据存储方式的一种,我们经常会用到,它适合用来保存那些少量的数据,特别是键值对数据,比如配置信息,登录信息等。不过要想做到正确使用SharedPreferences,就需要弄清楚下面几个问题:
(1)每次调用getSharedPreferences时都会创建一个SharedPreferences对象吗?这个对象具体是哪个类对象?
(2)在UI线程中调用getXXX有可能导致ANR吗?
(3)为什么SharedPreferences只适合用来存放少量数据,为什么不能把SharedPreferences对应的xml文件当成普通文件一样存放大量数据?
(4)commit和apply有什么区别?
(5)SharedPreferences每次写入时是增量写入吗?
要想弄清楚上面几个问题,需要查看SharedPreferences的源码实现才能解决。先从Context的getSharedPreferences开始:
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode) {
return mBase.getSharedPreferences(name, mode);
}
我们知道Android中的Context类体系其实是使用了装饰者模式,而被装饰对象就这个mBase,它其实就是一个ContextImpl对象,ContextImpl的getSharedPreferences方法:
@Override
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode) {
SharedPreferencesImpl sp;
synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
if (sSharedPrefs == null) {
sSharedPrefs = new ArrayMap<String, ArrayMap<String, SharedPreferencesImpl>>();
}
final String packageName = getPackageName();
ArrayMap<String, SharedPreferencesImpl> packagePrefs = sSharedPrefs.get(packageName);
if (packagePrefs == null) {
packagePrefs = new ArrayMap<String, SharedPreferencesImpl>();
sSharedPrefs.put(packageName, packagePrefs);
}
// At least one application in the world actually passes in a null
// name. This happened to work because when we generated the file name
// we would stringify it to "null.xml". Nice.
if (mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion <
Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
if (name == null) {
name = "null";
}
}
sp = packagePrefs.get(name);
if (sp == null) {
File prefsFile = getSharedPrefsFile(name);
sp = new SharedPreferencesImpl(prefsFile, mode);
packagePrefs.put(name, sp);
return sp;
}
}
if ((mode & Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0 ||
getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
// If somebody else (some other process) changed the prefs
// file behind our back, we reload it. This has been the
// historical (if undocumented) behavior.
sp.startReloadIfChangedUnexpectedly();
}
return sp;
}
可以看到这里使用到了单例模式,sSharedPrefs 是一个ArrayMap,packagePrefs也是一个ArrayMap,它们的关系是这样的: